In this paper, theory of the exploding forming effects of. Improvised explosively formed projectile typical of devices deployed in iraq formation of the projectile the heat and shock wave from the detonation of the explosive projects the steel copper. The main objective of an explosively formed projectile designed for underwater applications is. Segmented kinetic energy explosively formed penetrator assembly abstract a segmented, kinetic energy projectile is formed by stacking several liners in a single warhead, for effectively producing a longer penetrator capable of greatly enhancing penetration.
Investigation on interaction of explosively formed projectile with multilayer medium targets 3. An explosively formed penetrator efp, also known as an explosively formed projectile, a selfforging warhead, or a selfforging fragment, is a special type of shaped charge designed to penetrate armor effectively at standoff. To be even more precise, explosively formed projectiles efp are weapons of war that, before hitting their target, use high explosives to alter. Explosively formed projectiles efp have been used to defeat armored vehicles for more than 30 years. Investigation on interaction of explosively formed. Hydrocode simulations are carried out using ansys autodyn version 11. Dynamic response and microstructure evolution of oxygen.
Us8434411b2 cluster explosivelyformed penetrator warheads. Improvised explosive devices ieds small arms survey. Explosively formed projectiles efps have great potential to cleanly. Explosively formed penetrator efp and fragmenting warhead us patent 6619210. Explosively formed projectile device authorstream presentation. King lost his foot in iraq to an explosively formed projectile, a weapon that can go through armored trucks. Interesting series of infographics about just what is an improvised efp. The law that the formation parameters of mefp such as velocity, lengthdiameter ratio and radial dispersion angle,influenced by the density and ductility of.
Penetration of explosively formed projectiles sciencedirect. Considering the cost efficiency, we choose oxygenfree highconductivity. Study on explosively formed projectiles test system. An arrangement for production of explosively formed projectiles consists of casing with explosive contents, a fuse arranged on the base side and a metal insert which covers the explosive contents on the head side, in which case the projectile acquires winglike symmetrical folds on its tail by means of the following.
Explosively formed projectile efp is a new branch of the shaped charge technology. Explosively formed projectiles efps are far more lethal than more traditional improvised explosive devices ieds said u. Explosively formed projectile how is explosively formed. Results of experimental investigations of the influence of charge length and confinement on the velocity, form and terminal ballistic performance of explosively formed projectiles are presented. Explosively formed projectile how is explosively formed projectile abbreviated. Penetration evaluation of explosively formed projectiles. Dynamic response and microstructure evolution of oxygenfree highconductivity copper liner in explosively formed projectile 1 introduction explosively formed projectileefp is a kind of shaped charge structure which exhibits high penetration ability in the field of weapon engineering yu et al. Results, however, depend to a very large extent on the experience of the code user and familiarity with the capabilities and eccentricities of. Any time of the day sometimes at night arterial routes the triggerman needs to see his target coming so he can arm the efp urban streets are less suitable for attack placement may be interrupted and higher risk of collateral overt military and security. Pdf the explosively formed projectile efp as a standoff sea. Results of an experimental and computational investigation on the effects of the shape of an explosively formed projectile on the penetration into various targets are presented. Numerical and experimental study on the formation and dispersion. This paper will address the experimental results of the impact of 101.
There are signs that explosively formed penetrators a type of improved weapon known as a superbomb for its ability to pierce armored vehicles are spreading further in afghanistan. Pdf formation of explosively formed penetrator with fins and its. Translation find a translation for explosively formed projectile in other languages. Explosively formed projectile efp protection module. Subjected to normal and oblique impact by copper explosively formed projectile which is a kind of easydeformable and soft projectile, ballistic performance of a 40mm thickness steel target has. Explosively formed penetrator wikipedia republished. Armatec provides lightweight efp shields designed to stop explosively formed projectiles, and deliver enhanced protection to the vehicle and crew. Dynamic response and microstructure evolution of oxygenfree. Usaf research laboratory an explosively formed penetrator efp, also known as an explosively formed projectile, a selfforging warhead, or a selfforging fragment, is a special type of shaped charge designed to penetrate armor effectively. The distinguishing problem of the efp projectiles is the velocity of the efp liner. They are also used extensively in the oil and gas industry 1.
It is very important to research the velocity and morphology change of efp in their movements to improve its performance. Explosively formed projectiles efps have great potential to cleanly and. West point cadets create bionic foot rockets that are fired on us and on the iraqis that are made in iran as recently as 2008. As the name suggests, the effect of the explosive charge is to deform a metal plate into a slug or rod shape and accelerate it toward a target. Softcatch, explosively formed projectile, dragforce model. It is an explosively formed projectile, so deformation is expected. An explosively formed projectile efp is designed as a highvelocity projectile generator to be used in a field test in which an equivalent fragment impacts on an equivalent tactical ballistic missile warhead. Design and implementation of a highvelocity projectile. Influence of liner material on formation of multiple.
Impact effects of explosively formed projectiles on normal. Cluster explosivelyformed penetrator warheads download pdf. Results of hole diameter d 2 it is obvious from figure 6 that, for different charge diameters, with the increase of standoffs, the variation trend of hole diameter which caused by efp with steel liner or. Dynamic response and microstructure evolution of oxygen free highconductivity copper liner in explosively formed projectile 1 introduction explosively formed projectile efp is a kind of shaped charge structure which exhibits high penetration ability in the field of weapon engineering yu et al. In order to make quite sure that the projectile shows no asymmetries, a new technique was developed to form projectiles with star. Pdf analytical performance study of explosively formed. Explosively formed penetrators combat tech youtube. Pdf explosively formed projectile softrecovery force. I concede, however, that imperfect plasma waves might cause the projectile to tumble and twist after it becomes a noodle. The law of influenced material of liner is researched by numerical simulation. Explosively formed penetrators combat tech american heroes channel.
Five projectiles were recovered using a soft recovery system to determine the average mass and nose shape of the projectiles. Modelling the formation of explosively formed projectiles. If one thinks of the hammer blow of an oldtime, brawnyshouldered blacksmith on a glowing piece of iron, one gets a mental image of explosive forming, rather than of a fine machinist using a precise machine to turn screw threads on a part of a gun. Application of sintered liners for explosively formed. The platter charge should be called just that a platter charge unless there is a more specific and descriptive name. Afrls munitions directorate, assessment and demonstration division, computational mechanics branch, eglin afb fl.
Numerical solution techniques have advanced to the point where calculations of explosively. Flash radiographs of each in freeflight just before impact were. Penetration into metal barriers of an efp produced from a spherical liner is observed at significant distances of about a few hundred calibres of the charge liner. Explosively formed projectiles efps explosively formed projectiles are often referred to as shaped charges, although this can be confusing to the technically uninitiated, because efps do not perform like the majority of more traditional highexplosive antitank heat shaped charges. Based on the uniform design method, the influence of the structure parameters of the spherical segment charge liner on the penetration capability of the explosively formed projectile efpis studied. Analytical and numerical method of c velocity fields for. Explosively formed projectile efp wide angle cones and other liner shapes such as plates or dishes do not jet, but give instead an explosively formed projectile or efp. Efp detonation and slug forging are numerically simulated using an lsdyna3d finiteelement code to. Seven different shapes of armco iron efps with a velocity range of 1666 1862 ms were fired into stacked targets consisting of mild steel, rha, aluminum armour, and. An explosively formed penetrator efp, also known as an explosively formed projectile. Softrecovery of explosively formed penetrators dtic. The oxygenfree highconductivityofhccopper shows a good combination of. Research and development in the area of explosively formed.
The list of acronyms and abbreviations related to efp explosively formed projectile. The explosively formed projectile efp as a standoff. An explosively formed penetrator efp, also known as an explosively formed projectile, a selfforging warhead, or a selfforging fragment, is a special type of shaped charge designed to penetrate armor effectively at standoff distances. Explosively formed projectile with tantalum penetrator and armco iron stabilization base, in 18th int. A new breed of weapons employed by insurgents in iraq is causing heavy casualties to u. Multiple explosively formed projectiles mefp forming process is numerically simulated with different liner material,such as copper, aluminum, iron and so on. The whole liner, driven to 2 kms velocity, creates an explosively formed projectile efp which reaches a significant distance, quickly losing velocity because of its aerodynamic drag.
Explosively formed projectileefp is a kind of shaped charge structure which. Explosive devices, and in particular cluster explosivelyformed penetrator. It is developed as an antisolid target technology in recent decades. In order to determine undeformed measurements for the explosively formed projectiles, five projectiles were recovered using a soft. This assessment was made through a series of simulations of armor perforations by antitank kinetic energy penetrators. The material parameters used for aluminum 2024, oxygen free high. Blache, explosively formed projectile with tantalum penetrator and armco iron stabilization base, in proc. Pdf there are many methods that can be used for the clearance of. Explosively formed penetrator last updated november 24, 2019 formation of an efp warhead. Analytical performance study of explosively formed. As the name suggests, the effect of the explosive charge is to. Despite the fact that explosively formed projectiles efps of the same design were fired into each recovery method, the projectiles collected using the two methods differed in shape, size, weight.
Multiple explosively formed penetrator mefp warhead technologies have a very. This research is intended to expand the available data on explosively formed projectile impacts and determine which, if any, of the existing equations can be used or slightly modified to predict penetration depths. Explosively formed penetrators for dummies interesting series of infographics about just what is an improvised efp. Lets say the effective range of your enemys lasers are 25000km. Arrangement for production of explosively formed projectiles. Lsdyna theoretical manual, livermore software technology corporation. Explosively formed projectiles are taking heavy toll in iraq. An explosively formed penetrator efp, also known as an explosively formed projectile, a selfforging warhead, or a selfforging fragment, is a special type of shaped charge designed to penetrate armor effectively. Analytical performance study of explosively formed projectiles. Analysis of the kinetic energy transfer to the target. The effects select physical parameters have on an explosively. Scientists use design models and shock physics codes to predict terminal shape of projectiles. Explosively formed projectile efp was identified as a hollow cylindrical with rounded nose and flared near the rear end for stable movement 5,6. Segmented kinetic energy explosively formed penetrator.
As one of the toughest projectiles to defeat, efps act as a serious threat to force survivability. The effects select physical parameters have on an explosively formed projectiles performance by phillip russell mulligan a thesis presented to the faculty of the graduate school of the missouri university of science and technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree master of science in explosives engineering 2011. Three types of the high kinetic energy ke projectiles were considered. Explosively formed projectile encyclopedia article. Velocity of efp changes quickly with the change of efp shape. Improvised explosively formed projectile typical of devices deployed in iraq device construction constructed from 6 to 9 inch diameter steel pipe, one end of which is sealed with a welded. The projectile forms by dynamic plastic flow and has a velocity of kmsl.
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